A New World Developed Between The 16th And 18th Century

A new world developed between the 16th and 18th century focused on growing empires establishments of ‘power and profit’. Ogborn argues that through various types of global connections and the rise and fall of global powers, a global history was created. In particular, the exchange of goods and services by Britain and the English colonies was only obtainable through utilizing transportation. As a result, an advantageous Atlantic economy was formed . Britain applied transportation as a method of ridding the country of undesirables, which included convicts, and consequently created the criminal transportation system. Beattie notes that Britain was simultaneously able to benefit the English colonies, providing the colonists with servants†¦show more content†¦As the colonial period prevailed in the 17th century and the settlers continued to create a society in the new world, suspicion arose towards settlers and natives with distinctly unique life styles. These â₠¬Å"foreigners† were viewed as threatening to the colonists newly established societies. The first English colonies were religiously intolerable, particularly towards Quakers . The English settlers also feared the Native Americans because of their foreign way of life and their already established communities on land settlers sought after . Correspondingly, the colonists began to believe it was their moral duty to preserve their cultural identity as â€Å"Englishmen† . Though the Quakers were a peaceful religion posing no actual threat, Virginia denounced them as endangering the society’s peace and safety in 1662. As a result, colonial court authorities in Virginia banished Quakers, upon their third offense, when found practicing their religion . The Native Americans, on the other hand, did actually pose a dangerous threat to the colonists in the early 17th century. The first Indian uprising occurred in 1622 and became known as the Virginia Massacre. This event occ urred because of the Native Americans’ fear of losing their land to settlers . Anti-Indian sentiment was soon after instilled into English colonists. Colonial authorities and settlers began to adopt the view that it was their duty

Opec Organization Of The Petroleum Exporting Countries Essay

Josh Howard Stewart Devaney Principles of Economics 11/23/16 OPEC The OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) created in 1960 is a permanent intergovernmental Organization. Was formed at the conference held in Baghdad. The five founders Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Later down the road they were joined by nine other countries. Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Angola, and Gabon. They joined between the years 1961-1975. There were some countries that had some issues being in the OPEC. Indonesia suspended its bid in January of 09’ , then reactivate it in 2016 only to suspend it again a few months later. Ecuador also suspended it s bid in December of 92’ only to reactivate it in 2007. Gabon terminated their bid in January of 95’ but decided to rejoin in the summer of 2016. OPEC started its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland for the first five years only to move to Vienna, Austria, in September of 65’. The whole reason for the OPEC’S f orming was to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among the Members countries of involvement. It was used to secure fair and stable prices for the petroleum producers. Also the economic of the regular supply of petroleum to the consuming nations. With the fair return of capital going back to those investing nations in the industry. In 1960 the five founders of OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq,Show MoreRelatedOpec Organization Of The Petroleum Exporting Countries977 Words   |  4 Pagesregion I chose is OPEC, which is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. OPEC was established in 1961 with 5 countries. Since then, it has expanded to 12 countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. As technology improves and the production of oil and natural gas fluctuates, changes in the economy will occur and create tensions and conflicts, as well as opportunities. Because of OPEC s impact on theRead MoreOpec Is Used For The Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries Essay2522 Words   |  11 PagesOPEC is abbreviation used for the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. It is an intergovernmental and permanent organization which came into force in Baghdad in Se ptember 1960. Initially formed by the Five Founding members – Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and, Venezuela, it was later joined by 9 other countries which are Qatar, Libya, UAE, Algeria, Nigeria, Angola, Gabon, Indonesia and Ecuador. The organization’s headquarters were first located in Geneva, Switzerland for the first fiveRead MoreOpec Stands For Organization Of The Petroleum Exporting Countries Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pages OPEC reaches deal to cut production, sending prices Soaring. OPEC stands for Organization of the petroleum Exporting countries. It is an intergovernmental organization of fourteen nation. It coordinates petroleum policies and stabilize the oil market. This will help them secure regular supply of petroleum in order to keep a study income and growth. Petroleum have become one of the most powerful asset or natural resource that any nation could have. AndRead MoreOpec1276 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to OPEC OPEC, The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, is a name that has become synonymous with the worldwide petroleum market. But what does it do, who is involved and how important is OPEC to our day-to-day lives? This article aims to answer these basic questions in a clear and concise fashion. OPEC is a permanent organisation of 12 countries which are world-leaders in oil production. The primary aim of OPEC is to unify petroleum policies between its member countries, to ensureRead MoreOpec Case Study1516 Words   |  7 Pages– Group Assignment Group No – 15 Centre – Thane OPEC Case Study Course - IIFT EPGDIB ( Vsat) 2009 Participants :1) Dinesh Jhamnani 3) Neelesh Naik 5) Koshy John 2) Anup Nair 4) Prashant Lohade 6) Smita Meshram What is OPEC? The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a permanent intergovernmental organization of 12 oil-exporting developing nations that coordinates and unifies the petroleum policies of its Member Countries. It was founded at a meeting held on 10–14 SeptemberRead MoreEssay on Understanding OPEC: An Economic Analysis1353 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding OPEC: An Economic Analysis In the last few months, much has been said of Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990. Interestingly enough, one of Iraq’s motivating factors was economics. Kuwait provided Iraq with a pretext for war as it violated the economic policies of the Organization of Oil-Exporting Countries by exporting oil above its quotas. This is but one chapter in the complicated history of OPEC. OPEC is an international assembly of nations which co-ordinates and unifies the petroleumRead MoreOpec – Formation and Influence on the World Economy1793 Words   |  8 PagesOPEC – Formation and influence on the world economy Ahlam Colorado Heights University Abstract The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) , is a permanent intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Conference on September 14 th, 1960, consisting of the worlds major oil-exporting nations. It was founded to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its members, to serve as a platform for oil producers to achieve their economic objectives by limiting supplies in theRead MoreOpec And The Price Of Oil873 Words   |  4 PagesOPEC and the price of oil The organization of the petroleum exporting countries or OPEC was created at Baghdad Conference in Iraq in September 1960. The founding members of organization were Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. These five states were later joined by nine other countries: Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962), Libya (1962), United Arab Emirates (1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973), Gabon (1975), and Angola (2007). Ecuador and Gabon withdrew from the organizationRead MoreOpec And Oil And Exporting Countries1566 Words   |  7 Pagesof oil and exporting countries Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is one of the intergovernmental organization. Three continents over which the organization is spread is Asia, America, and Africa.12 oil producing countries in the organization are as follows: America, Asia and Africa. These12 countries are: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. The present headquarters of the organization is locatedRead MoreThe Role Of Opec In The Future Of Energy. Throughout History,1167 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of OPEC in the Future of Energy Throughout history, the lifestyles within every culture was molded by the ability of its people to perform work or labor on the earth. Furthermore, cultural lifestyles were also shaped by the availability of resources and the types of resources available. The lifestyle that exists within Western civilization today was made possible by the extraction and usefulness of one particular resource: oil. Along with the rapid emergence of the fossil fuel industry in

Challenges For Recruitment In A Tea Industry †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Challenges For Recruitment In A Tea Industry. Answer: Introduction In an industrial workplace, various types of workers of different categories are required for the labor force and the productivity of the industry. In this form, we get to realize that recruitment in an organization is to seek and spot job applicants with an aim to get adequate and quality number at the industry. The recruited workers are to be specialized to the kind of the qualification stated by the industry (Anders, 2012). In this research, we will focus on the challenges for recruiting workforce for a tea industry in an area. In most occasions, recruitment of all kinds and of all status is required in a tea industry. Both the skilled and non-skilled labor is needed all through the year. Recruitments have to be done depending on the yield of the products, the capital of the industry, the labor force and demand, organizational imagine, demographic issues as well as recruitment strategies. Recruitment Challenges In the process of recruiting workers in an industry, key challenges tend to be an issue to the managers of the tea industry. One main challenge affecting the recruitment of the workforce is the cost for recruitment. The process requires adequate capital to run smoothly. The cost required for advertising the job applications and qualifications. This is done either through medias, posters and the Internet, which requires money to get the work done perfectly. There are also some fees paid to recruitment agencies and consultants. These are specialists who require better payments of the recruitment process. The challenge is also seen in the event of induction of new employees to the industry. This affects productivity since much time is spent to get the new employees trained and familiarize with the work at the industry. The other employees may also fail to deliver their duties as usual since there are new employees and this may cost the productivity of the industry. For the tea industry to reduce the cost of the advertising of the job, it should first understand how social media fits in the procedure of recruiting employees especially the skilled personnel. The industry should come up with strategies like having just one website to get the advertisement done and all the process of recruiting employees to reduce the financial costs of the industry. The performance of the industry can be maintained by retaining the other workers as much as the new ones are being recruited to the industry (Weinberg, 1968). In most occasions, the industry has to consider the population of an area and the rate of labor needed to run the work. In recruiting of workers at an organization, demographical issues tend to be a challenge to the managers. There is the aging group in an industry who is possible should be laid off to get young energetic employees. This may be difficult since the aging will be left unemployed and prone to suffering due to lack of basic needs and no relative to offer assistance (Van Hoye, 2013). There is also labor force diversity. A number of employees needed at the industry would be men more than women especially on the non-skilled section due to the amount of work done. This hinders the women participation in job opportunity. The rate of gender inequality makes it a challenge to the recruitment of workers in an organization (Demmke, Moilanen, 2010). Demographical issues on the recruitment of employees also base on the disabilities and ability services. The industry at some point may only require employees who are able and their health conditions got no issues. In this case, the disabled are not considered even if they were qualified for the job. This is a great challenge to the industry since it may look like they are being biased to the disabled in the society. A solution to the demographical issues in recruiting of employees is that awareness ought to be created to bring a better understanding of the situation at hand. Demographical issues also base on challenges such as culture and religion of the people (Sutton, 2016). Since the people who seek employment are of diverse areas there is also diversification in their culture and religion. This situation may be difficult to handle. The solution strategized is only to create a better understanding of different cultures and religion so that handling the recruitment process may be free and free to the applicants. The human resource should also be able to describe the industry culture as per the job. Displaying the mission and target of the industry makes it easy for applicants to get interested in applying for jobs within that industry. This also helps applicants to strategize themselves according to the culture and rules of the industry. When everyone gets to understand the different cultures and religion of people then there would be a great benefit to the industry. Diversity mostly brings development of the economic partnership, legal compliance (Sutton, 2015). It also enables products and services which are culturally sensitive and appropriate. When understanding is made, there would be teamwork at the industry. Teamwork enhances bonding at work and this calls for better work by the workers and thus better productivity recorded. The solution to the aging workforce is that they should be let to work in hand with the new and young employees so that knowledge they have can be taught to them. This is to the benefit of both the industry and the aging at the workplace (Anderson, Pulich, 2000). A generation has also been a key challenge to recruiting the workforce. At some point, the industry would prefer the old generation as compared to the young ones. The current job market has got more young people who are bright and smart seeking employments at the industries. The challenge the agencies who are assigned to recruit new employees is that they never trust the ability of the young generation to handle certain posts because they may not have that working experience in the job market today. A challenge also occurs when the young generation is so many in need of the job than the old who they needed. The young generation needs to be given a fair chance at the industry. Most of the have the aggressiveness needed to run an industry better than the old managers. The young generation has ideas when if given a chance can be of benefit to the industrial economic development. The young generation is always eager to learn new things and has a new experience and so they should be given a chance during recruitment of employees(Liff, 2011). The industry always has an image to protect and maintain all through the year. During recruiting of a new workforce, this becomes a key challenge to handle by the agencies. There is always that aspect of caring about how the employees and managers view the industry. The industry is to fulfill every role and perform the recruitment of a workforce in the best ever. The challenge occurs in selecting employees with qualifications as per the organizational image. The industry expects to employ applicants who are educated, skilled and are perfect so that the image and status of the industry can be maintained at all cost. In this case, the human resource should reconsider and balance judgments during decision making (Ar thur, 2012). The organization needs to educate the employees to consider everyone in the industry. This will help them properly recognize strategies of human resource and inquire more. When an organization tries to reconsider their decision made then the best brightest and best people will be attracted to the application of jobs at the organization. This enables the wider growth in the economy within a year and possibly for future development (Simmons-Welburn, McNeil, 2004). There is always the demand and supply of labor force required at the workstations. The industry has to approximate the level of labor offered by employees. The labor supply tends to be expensive when it comes to hiring new employees to meet the objectives of the business than just improving the skills of the existing employees. This is preferred since the labor force is stronger when supplied within the industry than outside the industry. The demand of products tends to be more difficult compared to the supply of labor. It terms of demand, completion from other industries makes it quite hard to operate with fewer workers (McCarthy, 2017). The industry is to recruit a large a number so that the high demand of the customers can be met. Having that large number to supply the labor required by the industry is a problem occur when it comes to assessing every individuals work. Mostly, the industry never wants a surplus of employees who are not effectively deployed and gain they never want any position left with no employee. The issue of labor demand can be successfully resolved when the qualitative method since the technique involves the people that are likely to be affected by any changes to the business. This method enhances the commitment and acceptance of policies of the industry. Having a human resource consultant who is able to lead the process and acquire the most appropriate processes to lead businesses through these processes can help greatly in achieving effective forecasting of future employee needs (Cook, 1992). Employer branding is the process of promoting an industry as the employer of choice to the desired target group and the one needed to be recruited and retained. Strategies such s employer branding when put in place during recruitment process can overcome the challenges of recruitment in the industry. Mostly industry prefers to educate and train their managers and employees to become experts in the job market. Employer branding is the most advanced form of social recruiting (Smith, Rupp, 2004). Employment branding allows room for communication, educating the audience and sell job seekers about your industry through the view of your expert employees who are a brand to the industry. This process is preferred since its a long-term activity that has got benefits and effective productivity in the world market. Employer branding is concerned with attraction, engagement and retention initiative targeted at enhancing a company. Employer branding management addresses the reality of the employment experience and not just its presentation. This art supports both external recruitment of the right employees and the desire for effective employee engagement and employee retention. This enables an industry to achieve its goals as required. The employer should always try to engage the employees in certain activities like letting them advertise the industry through the media and letting them attend the global interviews on the employers behalf (Schaeffer, 2007). This art makes them feel special and productive to the industry. This makes it easy to retain best employees and thus it will enable potential applicants to come over seeking for jobs in the industry. In conclusion, we realize that every key challenge encountered during recruiting of a workforce can easily be handled when everyone gets to understand the effectiveness of both the applicants awaiting recruitment and the employee who is always and needs to retain. Everyone is important to the development of the industry. References Anders, G. (2012). The Rare Find: reinventing recruiting (unconventional ways of recruiting talented employees). Human Resource Management International Digest, 20(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid.2012.04420daa.002 Anderson, P., Pulich, M. (2000). Recruiting Good Employees in Tough Times. The Health Care Manager, 18(3), 32-40. H ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126450-200018030-00005 Arthur, D. (2012). Recruiting, interviewing, selecting orienting new employees (1st ed.). New York: AMACOM, American Management Association. Cook, M. (1992). The AMA handbook for employee recruitment and retention (1st ed.). New York: American Management Association. Demmke, C., Moilanen, T. (2010). Civil services in the EU of 27 (1st ed.). Frankfurt is Main [u.a.]: Lang. Liff, S. (2011). Improving the performance of government employees (1st ed.). New York: American Management Association. McCarthy, C. (2017). Embrace challenges as opportunities to grow. Recruiting Retaining Adult Learners, 19(5), 12-12. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nsr.30225 Schaeffer, D. (2007). Recruiting and retaining employees in a dynamic job market. Natural Gas, 15(5), 12-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410150504 Simmons-Welburn, J., McNeil, B. (2004). Human resource management in today's academic library (1st ed.). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. Smith, A., Rupp, W. (2004). Managerial challenges of e?recruiting: extending the life cycle of new economy employees. Online Information Review, 28(1), 61-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14684520410522466 Sutton, H. (2015). Overcome challenges to cultivate women leaders on your campus. Recruiting Retaining Adult Learners, 18(1), 9-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nsr.30093 Sutton, H. (2016). Consider advantages, challenges of implementing competency-based transcripts. Recruiting Retaining Adult Learners, 18(9), 6-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nsr.30158 Van Hoye, G. (2013). Recruiting Through Employee Referrals: An Examination of Employees Motives. Human Performance, 26(5), 451-464. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2013.836199 Weinberg, S. (1968). Calvert, Robert, Jr. Employing the Minority Group College Graduate: Recruiting, Evaluating Qualifications, Retaining Employees. Journal Of Employment Counseling, 5(4), 135-136. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.1968.tb00320.x

The perfect machine building the Palomar telescope

Table of Contents Introduction Palomar Telescope The Very Large Telescope Winning strategy Strength and weakness of the book Conclusion Reference Introduction The designing, construction, and execution of the Palomar telescope took around quarter of a century. The telescope was a state-of-art device, which drove technology to the edge. There existed numerous internal strains in the project. The collaboration between science and industry hardly ever went effortlessly (Florence, 2011, pp. 8-15).Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The perfect machine: building the Palomar telescope specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ronald Florence, the author of â€Å"The perfect machine: building the Palomar telescope† performs an excellent job in bringing forth the drama involved in the project. The drama by Ronald Florence is however not of the kind of Indiana Jones, but of conflicts in personality, the distressing o f the resolution to engineering difficulties, and the vigor of the attempt to generate an appropriate mirror blank. One could even note the concern at the period of the long extensions in the course of waiting for the cooling of the mirror coupled with during its erection at the appropriate shape. Even if this advance could not result to an intellectual account of the project, it is suitable for an excellent reading. The construction of the Hale Telescope is somewhat a lengthy account. The entire project was filled with difficulties in addition to the existence of some critical setbacks that could have terminated the entire project including the Hubble Space Telescope. Nevertheless, the Hubble did not turn out to be the only telescope to encounter such initial aches. This situation is as well relevant to the 200-inch (5 meter) Hale Telescope situated at the Palomar Mountain. Ronald Florence generates a perfect book concerning the construction of the 200-inch Palomar telescope that w as indeed a perfect machine. Palomar Telescope According to Florence, many researches have looked into the construction of the Palomar telescopes with the inclusion of the efforts by David Woodbury. As suggested by Florence, David Woodbury and his publication are in fact a section of the account for he even assisted in obtaining a great form of the project. Even though there are some current researches on Palomar, â€Å"The Perfect Machine† stands as the sole complete and detailed account of the Palomar story. With respect to works by George Ellery, the 5-meter telescope signifies the largest telescope internationally. George Ellery is a solar astrophysicist who had the expertise of obtaining huge sums from rich men.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, Ellery was in a position to perceive the worth of large telescopes with regard to resolving the puzzles of stella r advancement and cosmology (Florence, 2011, pp. 16-20). In 1923, Ellery and his comrade engineer, Francis Pease, developed confidence that a much larger telescope would be constructed on condition that they had the necessary monetary requirements. Certainly, they approximated the total cost to be $ 5 million. Ellery overwhelmed Wickliffe Rose, the manager of Rockefeller Foundation (RF), with the notion of the telescope and by the close of 1928, the finances for the building of the 5-meter telescope were provided. Ronald Florence opens his book with a synopsis of the â€Å"Great Debate† by Shapley-Curtis. The â€Å"Great Debate† denotes a crucial instance in the hullabaloo over if nebulae existed in the galaxy or if galaxies were on their own. Moreover, the author explains the position of cosmology, the significance of large telescopes to the ground, and the setting of Ellery, viz. the initiator of the 200-inch. Luckily, he uses much time in the discourse of the influe nce of the two main important occasions that had an impact on the application of the telescope: the vast misery and the Second World War (Florence, 2011, pp. 21-25). The 5-meter project offered jobs during the misery and permitted numerous companies to focus on manpower and the attempts into special study for the project than they could have at an instance when business was in an excellent state. On the other hand, the impact of the war resulted in the stopping of the building of the telescope by drawing of the labor force as well as resources. The most fascinating sections of the book are illustrations of the people engaged in the construction of the telescope.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The perfect machine: building the Palomar telescope specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The individuals that played a key role in the construction of the telescope include George Ellery who had a frenzied pace that resu lted to his downfall (Florence, 2011, pp. 56-75). His endeavor, as a technical industrialist, coupled with his demanding study approach and the course of Mount Wilson Observatory, acted as the correspondent of burning the candle at its two ends and brought about his entire collapse in 1910. Following the downfall, Ellery could swap short periods of intense labor with instances of severe exhaustion. For George Ellery, the 200-inch telescope acted as his last project as well as the one, which could give him a great reputation. Ellery is best remembered for this telescope. Additionally, there existed other individuals in the army like Clyde McDowell. Clyde withdrew from the navy and abandoned an opportunity and reputation in a bid to administer the building of the telescope. His form of administration led to the effortless construction of the telescope. Moreover, McDowell acquired new friends with his perception that the construction of the telescope was the same as the construction of a massive battleship gun tower. McDowell employed retired military Colonel Brett to manage the building site on Palomar. On his part, Brett managed the site in the same way as an army operation, to the extent of serving a nasty meal each week to permit the employees long for others (Florence, 2011, pp. 89-112). Ronald Florence illustrates the scientists in addition to the engineers as considerably the most impressive characters in the drama. It is not hard to express sympathy for individuals like McCauley of Corning as well as his impressive attempts to come up with an appropriate piece of Pyrex for use as the telescope mirror. All things appeared to break down for McCauley, starting with a superior obtaining recognition for his efforts to a downpour that threatened to tear down the second Endeavour at a 200-inch (5 meter) mirror blank. Ronald Florence has as well accomplished a service through shedding light on an individual that has obtained very little recognition, Rein Kroon. R ein was a youthful engineer from the Netherlands who was working for the project initiated by Westinghouse, the constructers of the telescope mounting. Rein managed to resolve many difficult setbacks entailed in the telescope mounting (Florence, 2011, pp. 123-152).Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aforementioned setbacks included the way to make use of the oil-film comportments for mounting, the interior plan for the north â€Å"horseshoe† deportment, and plan for the declination deportments. The endeavors of these men as well as others described in the book led to the completion of the 200-inch Hale Telescope that started its operation in 1949. The Very Large Telescope During the early 1980s, there existed more than half of a dozen observatories of telescopes accessible to astronomers internationally, La Silla being among them. Arrangements were underway to build stronger and larger telescopes having primary mirrors. The Keck Foundation (KF) allowed the Californian Institute of Technology (CIT) and the University of California to construct twin 10-m telescopes and situated it on Mauna Kea. This aspect played a key role in the provision of initial light and in particular concerning ground-anchored spectroscopic similar to the Hubble Space Telescope (Florence, 2011, pp. 219-250). Switzerland and Italy had become part of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in 1981, thus allowing the building of the 3.5-m fresh expertise Telescope with initial developments in dynamic optics. These developments were vital for the next move; viz. the building of a Very Large Telescope (VLT) that received the approval in 1987 and it was constructed on Cerro Paranal in Chile. This 8.1-m telescope (Gemini) as well as an 8.3-m Subaru telescope came into being at around the same period. The Very Large Telescope was planned from initial stages as an incorporated structure containing 4 of the 8.2-m telescopes, comprising the likelihood of to merge the light telescopes for optical interferometers, thus paving the way for breathtaking spatial settlement. The majority of VLT devices were constructed in close partnership with establishments in nearby states. The whole lot of the initial device set was completed at around mid 2007 with the ordering of CRIRES. The Paranal stock comprised the screw adaptive optics network in addition to a fast-reaction method to respond to quick transient occurrences. Later on, the near infrared frequency was incorporated as generation-1.5 device. The Very Large Telescopes have added to all sections of astronomy encompassing the kind of dark substance and dark energy, the excessive physics of gamma radiation ruptures, as well as the configuration, organization, and development of galaxies and solar system. The productivity with respect to referenced research papers was almost 500 in 2007, thus making about 2200 since initiation with subsequent yearly augments. The total of observing applications for European Southern Observatory amenities has nearly tripled in the last decade. The User Portal has approximately 4000 certified clients and the archive holds 74 Terabytes of statistics and improved statistical products (Florence, 2011, pp. 298-325). Winning strategy The Very Large Telescopes initiated businesses for Keck t elescopes in about 5 years. Nevertheless, the notion of constructing a completely integrated structure having 4 of the 8.2-m telescopes with time and offering a dozen foci for a cautiously planned backup of devices accompanied by 4 of the 1.8-m Auxiliary Telescope proved to be the proper one for the interferometer. The inclusion of a lasting and sufficiently financed device and expertise were constructed in association with establishments in the neighboring states, with similar participation in labor remunerated by assured keeping of time, and has developed the most improved ground-anchored optical observatory in the universe. The progression model prohibits guest as well as service style and offers the best observing effectiveness in the world on a position where almost 90 per cent of the nights are unclouded (Florence, 2011, pp. 382-425). In the society today, the achievements of the Palomar telescope have facilitated technological inspirations, for instance, the European Southern Observatory personnel were motivated to construct, drive, and back the best probable observatory. In this regard, the Very Large Telescope is possibly the natural replacement of the Perfect Machine that was situated at Mount Palomar. Strength and weakness of the book Ronald Florence does not just offer a vibrant story of the design and building of Hale telescope, but he also attracts the reader to share his enthrallment for a splendid project in addition to a remarkable technical machine. The book is beyond a well written piece and turns out to be fascinating. Nevertheless, there exist some weaknesses in the book. At some point, the author wrongly offers praise to the designers of the Palomar telescope for novelty that had been tested long before, like the standard of the support of the principal mirror. The description of the unmoved ending of the principal mirror seems entirely questionable with regard to the metrology of the moment, being of excessively low resolution to permit any significant confirmation of local redesigning as detailed by the author. Additionally, the post-1950 era could as well have merited a rather wider and fairer description. Moreover, the introduction of completely new and extensive perceptions, like active optics, under the custody of European designers, and dealers is totally disregarded. Overall, the vision and the effort concerning the construction of the Palomar telescope spring from each page; it is an almost flawless book regarding an almost perfect machine. Conclusion By around 1980s, there hailed observatories of telescopes accessible to astronomers internationally that were perhaps the natural substitution of the Perfect Machine that was positioned at Mount Palomar. Ronald Florence used reasonable time in the study of the story as portrayed by the endnotes that demonstrate his usage of a lot of time in search of primary data from the archives. Nevertheless, Florence is yet to seize a number of the noteworthy historical co ncerns concerning the 200-inch telescope and in this regard, intellectual treatment is anticipated of the Palomar Observatory by a historiographer of science and technology. An excellent intellectual historiographer was perhaps not the intention of Ronald Florence (this is evident in the lack of preface as well as a bibliography; in its place there are works stated at the endnotes). Luckily, an excellently studied and perfectly written story is developed in the book. Reference Florence, R. (2011). The Perfect Machine: Building the Palomar Telescope. New York, NY: Harper Perennial. This book review on The perfect machine: building the Palomar telescope was written and submitted by user Xavier Davenport to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.